problem,techniques ,tips, and solution on learning pronunciation

Definition, pronunciation refers to theway a word or a language is spoken, or the manner in which someone utter a word.
Problem
• Tidak mengetahui cara melafalkan dengan tepat
• Tidak mengetahui intonasi dalam pelafalan
• Kurangnya fasilitas yang mendukung untuk belajar pronunciation
Techniques
• Learn thefollowing rules concerning pronunciation
• English is concidered a stressed language while many other languageare considered syllabic
• In other language, suchas french or italian,each syllable receives equal importance (there is stress, but each syllable has its own length)
• English pronunciation focuses on specific stressed word while quickly gliding over the other, non stressed, words
• Stressed wordare considered content words
• Non stressed words are considered function words
• Readthe following sentece aloud
• Notice that the first sentence actually takes about thesame time to speak well
• Even though the second sentence is approximately 30% longer than the first, the sentence take the same time to speak. This is because there are 5 stressed wordsin each sentence.
• Write down a few sentence, or take a few example sentence from a book or exercise
• First undeline the stressed word, then read aloud focussing on stressing the underlined words and glidingover thenon stressed words
• Be surprised at how qickly your pronunciation improves
• By foccusing on stressed words,non stressed words and syllables take on their more muted nature
• When listening to the native speaker, focus on how those speakers stress certain words and begin to copy this
• Remember that non stressed words and syllables are often ‘swallowed’ in english
• Always focus on pronuncing stressedwordswell, non stressed wordscan be glided over
• Don’t focus on pronuncing each word. Focus on the stressed words in each sentence.

Tips
• Watch english movies
• Listen to english music
• Read english texts
• Listen to radio
• Don’t be self concious
• Try to speak english with native speaker and friends
Solution
• Berlatih terus menerus untuk meningkatkan kepekaan kita pada setiap kata dalam bahasa inggris
• Menghafalkan vocabulary untuk memperbanyak perbendaharaan kata karena sangat membantu sekali dalam mempelajari pronunciation
• Belajar media elektonik, misalny tape recorder, kita bisa suara kita kemudian mendengarkannya kembali dan mengoreksi bagian mana yang salah, kemudian mengulanginya
• Meningkatkan motivasi kita untuk belajar, baik motivasi secara eksternal maupun internal
• Meningkatkan kepercayaan diri kita, agar tidak malu untuk berlatih di depan umum
• Mencari kata yang sulit di kamus, kemudian mencoba mengucapakannya sesuai dengan yang tertera di kamus tersebut

Cerita dalam Fase Awal Belajar

fase awal bel aj ar a dal ah masa yang di l al ui sebel um anak memasuki f ase bel aj ar l anj ut an, sel epas
mereka dari usia balita hingga menjelang akhir masa kanak-kanak. Fase ini mencakup masa
pengasuhan, pendidikan di TK, SD, sampai anak memasuki SMP. Masa ini adalah masa
menj el ang usi a dewasa.
Anak mulai dapat mendengarkan cerita biasanya terjadi pada akhir usia tiga tahun. Pada usia ini anak
mampu mendengarkan dengan baik dan cermat cerita pendek yang sesuai untuknya.
Sebagi an cerita itu ada yang mengandung unsur- unsur negatif . Sekolah diharapkan bisa menyaring cerita-
cerita tradisional itu sehingga menjadi lebih bermanfaat bagi perkembangan anak.
Tingkat TK atau SD menjadi tempat pertama anak-anak memperoleh pendidikan dan menjadi dasar bagi
pendidikan yang lain. Di tempat ini anak lebih cepat mendapat pengaruh dan lebih mudah dibentuk
pribadinya. Dalam cerita terdapat ide, tujuan, imajinasi, bahasa, dan gaya bahasa. Unsur- unsur tersebut
berpengaruh dalam pembentukan pribadi anak. Penetapan pelajaran bercerita pada masa awal sekolah
dasar adalah bagian terpenting dari pendidikan
K etika anak berada pada tahun pertama TK dan SD , ia belum mampu membaca cerita sendiri dengan
baik dan benar. Sebagai gantinya maka tugas gurulah untukmenceritakannya. Usaha siswa untuk
menyampaikan kembali cerita yang telah didengarnya dri guru-atau menjawab soal yang diajukan
kepadanya-adalah latihan untuk mengungkapkan ide-idenya dengan bahasanya sendiri.
CERITA DALAM PENDIDIKAN
Seni adalah sumber dari rasa keindahan dan bagian dari pendidikan. Seni memberi pengaruh, baik
mengasah r asa dan akal . Seni yang di saj i kan unt uk anak-anak haruslah berbeda, baik kualitas, kuantitas,
gaya bahasa maupun met ode penyampaiannya dari orang dewasa.
D al am cer i t a,ada beberapa hal pokok yang masing-masing tidak bisa dipisahkan, yaituk arangan,
pengarang, penceritaan, pencerita atau pendongeng, dan penyimak an serta penyimak.
Dalam proses penceritaan ini, dibutuhkan adanya hal-hal yang mencakup posisi duduk
pencerita/ pendongeng dari pendengarnya, bahasa, suara, gerakan-gerakan, peragaan perist iwa-peristiwa,
dan suara yang melingkupi antara dirinya dan pendengarnya agar penceritaan menjadi baik. K arangan, pengarang, penceritaan, pencerita atau pendongeng, dan penyimakan serta penyimak adalah komponen pokok yang harus diperhatikan sehingga sebuah cerita layak disebut bagian dari sastra yang hidup dan
abadi.

Metode ini saya gunakan ketika saya mengajar anak SD di TPA yang berada di desa saya.

Adverb clause –purpose clause

Function, these clausa are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
We can use..
• In order to ...
• In order that...
• So that...
In order to ...
• In order to+ verb1/be+complement
• titi study hard in order to be smart soon
• in order to be smart soon is the purpose for study hard
• subject+verb1+object+in order to+verb1+object...
• many people in jakarta decide to leave their office late in the evening in order to avoid traffic jam
• in order to +verb1+object,subject+verb+object
• in order to avoidtraffic jam, many people in jakarta decide to leave their office late in the evening
in order that...
• in order that+ subject+verb1/be+complement
• rita works diligently everyday in order taht she is rich soon
so that...
• so that+can,could,will,would,
• so that is often used when the idea of ability is being expressed
• nova fills her motorcycle up so that she will not run of the gaz during her trip to kulon progo
• ariyanti finished to read her book so that okta could borrow it
• last Sunday, tari leaves her structure book on the table so that it wouldbe ready by ten

Metode dan pendekatan pembelajaran dalam islam

Kat a metode berasal dari yunani. Secara etimologi, kata metode berasal dari dua suku kata perkataan, yaitu meta dan hodos. Meta berarti ‘melalui’ dan hodos berarti ‘jalan’ atau cara.dalam bahasa arab metode dikenal dengan istilah thariqah yang berarti langkah-langkah strategis yang harus dipersiapkan untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa inggris metode disebut method yang berarti cara dalam bahasa indonesia.
Pendekatan merupakan pandangan falsafi terhadap subyek matter yang harus diajarkan dapat juga diartikan sebagai pedoman mengajar yang brsifat relistis/konseptual. Sedangkan teknik/strategi adalah siasat atau cara penyajian yang dikusai pendidik dalam mengajar atau menyajikan bahan pelajaran kepada pesertadidik di dalam kelas, agar bahan pelajaran dapat dipahami dan digunakan dengan baik.
Dasar-dasar metode pendidikan islam
• Dasar agamis
• Dasar biologi
• Dasar psikologis
• Dasar sosiologis
Macam-macam metode
• Metode ceramah
• Metode tanya jawab
• Metode diskusi
• Metode pemberian tugas
• Metode demonstari
• Metode eksperimen
• Metode amsal/perumpaman
• Metode targhib dan tarhib
• Metode pengulangan (tikror)

Macam-macam pendekatan dalam pendidikan islam
• Pendekatan pengalaman
• Pendekatan pembiasaan
• Pendekatan emosional
• Pendekatan rasioanal
• Pendekatan fungsional
• Pendekatan keteladanan
Kesimpulan
Dari pembahasan diatas dapat disimpulakan bahwa metode dalam pendidikan islam mempunyai peranan yang amat penting dalam pencapaian tujuan pendidikan. Sebaik apapun materi yang akan kita sampaikan tanpa disertai metode yang tepat dalam pencapaiannya dikhawatirkan esensi dari materi tersebut tidak sampai dan tidak difahami oleh peserta didik

The positive effect of listening to music on children

Listening to music can have many positive effects on children. for one thing, listening to music can increase verbal, emotional, and spatial intelegence. Some children prefer sport to music.
It can also improve concentration and stimulate creative thinking. Finally, another positive effect of music is that it can relax children’s memory. Overall, it seems music is beneficial to children’s learning and sense of well being.

MY'PAPER

THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN FIRST LANGUAGE LEARNING AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING

 

 Abstract

This study focuses on the first language and foreign language, especially the distinctions. Language learning can be applied to the first language, second language and foreign language. Therefore, we often hear of terms encounter about first language learning, second language learning, and foreign language. Generally, languages of learning devided be two, are first language learning and second or foreign language learning. There are many distinction between first language learning and foreign language learning.

Introduction

Language is one of the important components in human life, because it has important role, that is for communication. In the world there are many kinds of language. The language occurs in human interaction, such as Arabic, English, French, Chinese, and, etc. From those various language, there is only one that is used as an international language, namely : English in Indonesia, English becomes a foreign language that has been taught in many schools and courses. English is a foreign language, and the native language (first language) are various. It depends on the area or region. The first language in Indonesia are Javanese, Sundanese, and many more.

To learn English as foreign language, it need a process. Learning English as foreign language is not same with learning first language or mother tongue. First language learning is natural, while foreign language learning is more formal and artificial. There are some distinctions between first language learning and foreign language learning. This article will explain the distinction of both of them, are the distinction about student-teacher ratio. Learning facilities, place of study, time teaching hours, situation, motivation, critical period, characteristics, the exposure to the target language, and availability of native speakers or models.

 Discussion

1.      The Distinction About Student-Teacher Ratio

The meaning of student-teacher ratio is the proportion between teachers and students. In first language learning (it is also called language acquisition), the proportion between teachers and students is ideal. It means that the students are little, even only one child, and the teachers are so many. The teacher in first language learning minimum two people, namely mother and father. Because of the only one child who are studying and the teachers are many, the child can receive the lesson of mother tongue maximumly. The child is not difficult to wait for a queue and be easy to understand his first language.

The opposite condition occurs in foreign language learning. The amount of the students is too many. They are almost forty five students per class, while the teacher is only one. In the result, the foreign language learning of English will fate many difficulties for example, limitedness of chance to try and practice speaking or conversation. If the time too practice is only thirsty minutes, every will not get enough time to try speaking.

In foreign language learning, there will be a more concerned situation if one teacher handles teen parallel classes of English. In the last session of the lesson, the teacher will appear to be very tired. She is unconscious to teach the students to speaks English.

The situation like this will not be effective in foreign language learning. In the result, the students have difficulties in mastering English as foreign language and is not easy to understand it.

2.      The Distinction About Learning Facilities

Learning facilities means facilities or equipment that are used to study. Every learning need facilities to support the study and for its success. In first language learning, the learning facilities are good enough. It can be said like that because all environments, families, and society become main supporter for its success. Children usually learn the mother tongue directly. They learn speaking and writing actively and also learn listening and reading passively.

When children learn foreign language as English, they don’t find the learning facilities completely. Subhan, in his book children language acquisition, states that learning facilities for English learning in most schools in Indonesia are limited. Will say that their facilities to learn English at schools is limited.

The study that should be understood by the students is that the limitedness of facilities may not increase their spirit to study English. They have to create the practice are by themselves and in creative creating. According to Subhan in his book, although the learning facilities are limited, the lectures of English in Universities in Indonesia can get success in learning English as foreign language.

3.      The Distinction About Place of The Study

The meaning of place of study is a place where children study the target language. When the children study mother tongue, place of study can be everywhere. It can be in the bed room, in the living room, in the garden, in a bus, in a field, and other places. This conditions can occur because the teacher of mother tongue are parents, friends, neighbour, and whoever who use first language. Places which are flexible, are the additional value for first language learning. They are relax, natural, and exciting.

In foreign language learning, place of study is limited at the school. Because of schools have strong rule and limited hours, the chance for students to try or practice English is not available. Besides that, the learning at schools is not relax. It caused by the result of the students study is not optimum.

4.      The Distinction About Time, Teaching Hours

Because the place that is flexible, can learn in everywhere, the firsts language learning has more time. In other words, time is not limited to create such hours if teaching hours to be plenty, much, unlimited for children, teaching hours is same with learning hours.

Otherwise things happen in foreign language learning time is limited to teach foreign language. It means that time limited to study. Such conditions must create whip for parent to encourage children or for finding time itself to add an ability of foreign language with learning own, listening to the radio, watching TV, or read books in intensive and then practicing on their own or group.

5.      The Distinction About Situation

The meaning of situation is mood or learning situation. In first language learning, the situation to study is natural, nature, not engineered.

In foreign language learning, situation must be engineered, structured, and conditioned. In the school, children regulary have seat in the class, be calm, and ready to accept foreign language learning from the teachers.

If situation noisy usually teachers can’t to teach unless student lessons to be calm and regulary back.

6.      The Distinction About Motivation

Motivation is a motivation or push the relative strength and an action underlying. Related to language learning, motivation can be devided be integrative and instrumental. Integrative is someone learn language with the purpose for self confound, integrating ourselves into the culture studied to speaker. When children learn first language, they have integrative motivation because they want to go into the culture and community family and community (for examples Betawi, Javanese, Sundanese, Madura, Minang, or the other. So children are learning first language to be called the children Betawi, Javanese, Sundanese, Madura, Minang).

In foreign language learning as English, motivation is instrumental (As tools). Student learning English in Indonesia for instrumental motivation, namely as tool for achieving something like a job, passes exam, scholarship, recognition of community, convenience to foreign affairs, to easily further study (5-2/5-3) and the other.

Instrumental motivation devided be two :

(1)         the strong one

(2)         the weak one

We must choosing the strong one, based on research of India and Indonesia, instrumental motivation the strong can deliver student test for success international standard (TOEFL)

Seen from the source, motivation can be shared into two part:

1.      Internal motivation

2.      External motivation

Internal motivation held for more powerful than the self student arrival, while external motivation considered less powerful because from outside are parents, teachers, friends, etc.

The note important is motivation can be more powerful if continues, otherwise motivation can weaken if not continued.

7.      The Distinction About Critical Period

Critical period is the critical or the most good for use in language learning. In first language, critical period there in age 2-10. If that period have been overcome, children difficult having the mother tongue with good, their pronunciation more not fluent so not as good as the native speakers.

The critical period in foreign language there in age 12-13. If that period have been overcomes, students haven’t pronunciation as good as the native speakers. May be only can approach. This evidenced by students of university at language English department wich is the average students learn English after critical period overlooked intensive. May be they knowing about English intricacies well like vocabulary, grammar, reading, listening, and writing. But, when they do conversation or speaking not well or their pronunciation is not English, but Indonesian, Sundanese, or Javanese

8.      The Distinction About Characteristics

Characteristics is characteristics attached’s personal student learning. In first language learning, interst and their memory is very good. The children is constantly and ask to his mother and his father about what they looks. At the time is Golden opportunity for parents to teach first language and anything can be inserted to children’s memory. The experienced by children will spotting long time, and may be no lost during life.

When learn foreign language learning, interest of children less focus or began to spread so need to learn coaching interest of foreign language from teacher. Memory children also started decreasing and this also need directions and because many vocabulary and grammar basics to memorize by the student. A good age in youth or adult is the power of thinking. The power of thinking must be always trained. So be more sharply. Therefore, grammar be more important to teach, because they dominate grammar well and their power of thinking will be making a new sentence by sentence with creative.

9.      The Distinction About The Exposure to The Target Language

The exposure to the target language is environment and direct contact with the target language learned. In first language training, the exposure to the target language said is high because children can find the environment and direct contact with mother tongue with easy and not limit on people but can with books, reading, article, the program of radio, TV, songs or the other in DIY and Central Java, for example, a child that study Javanese language can get is from circles and direct contact from their parents, friends, families, people, book, like cindelaras or the other.

In foreign language learning, the exposure to the target language is low.

10.  The Distinction About Availability of Native Speakers or Models

Availability of native speaker or models is availability native speaker or model, its clear. In first language learning, children with easy to find native speaker or model because their parents is native speakers and the same good model, similarly, family, community and teachers are still one average rate.

Conclusion

English is a foreign language that has been taught in Indonesia. As a foreign language, its learning is different from first language learning. First language learning is natural, informal and not be structured, while foreign language learning is more formal, artificial, conditioned and structured. Language learning has some factors that influences its success. For example about the teachers, situation, facilities, and others. There are some distinctions between first language and foreign language learning. They are about student-teacher ratio, learning facilities, place of study, time teaching hours, situation, motivation, critical period, characteristics. The exposure to the target language, and availability of native speakers or models.

Based on the some distinctions above, we can make conclusion that first language learning is more successful than foreign language learning. At English teacher candidates, we should understand about some factors in first language learning which are suitable for foreign language learning. So, we can apply them into the foreign language learning and take its benefit when we teach English. So, it is expected that the foreign language learning can be successful as the first language learning.

Bibliography

Subhan, Bustami. 2003. Children Language Acquisition and English Language Teaching. Yogyakarta : LPPDMF.

Tourism

prambanan temple

 prambanan temple is a place where I practice when I was in the Senior highschool. I as a local guide there. I accompanied a foreign tourist around the temple with a description of the temple prambanan prambanan. I got a lot of experience there. can speak directly with foreign tourists, we sometimes even joking and swapping stories

the 1st week I  only escord original guide in prambanan. after that I started off alone to find foreign tourist without a guide that he wanted me to accompany.
This is voluntary without charge. My goal there is to developt my english language, because in my senior high school i was study in tourism and assigned the end, I chose guiding and practice required to become a guide. prambanan is a place of  my choice, because I consider prambanan also visited many foreign tourist.  

Prambanan temple is located in central java . prambanan temple is extraordinarily beautiful building constructed in the tenth century during the reigns of two kings namely Rakai Pikatan and Rakai Balitung. Soaring up to 47 meters (5 meters higher than Borobudur temple), the foundation of this temple has fulfilled the desire of the founder to show Hindu triumph in Java Island. This temple is located 17 kilometers from the city center, among an area that now functions as beautiful park.

There is a legend that Javanese people always tell about this temple. As the story tells, there was a man named Bandung Bondowoso who loved Roro Jonggrang. To refuse his love, Jonggrang asked Bondowoso to make her a temple with 1,000 statues only in one-night time. The request was nearly fulfilled when Jonggrang asked the villagers to pound rice and to set a fire in order to look like morning had broken. Feeling to be cheated, Bondowoso who only completed 999 statues cursed Jonggrang to be the thousandth statue.

Prambanan temple has three main temples in the primary yard, namely Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva temples. Those three temples are symbols of Trimurti in Hindu belief. All of them face to the east. Each main temple has accompanying temple facing to the west, namely Nandini for Shiva, Angsa for Brahma, and Garuda for Vishnu. Besides, there are 2 flank temples, 4 kelir temples and 4 corner temples. In the second area, there are 224 temples.

Entering Shiva temple, the highest temple and is located in the middle, you will find four rooms. One main room contains Shiva statue, while the other three rooms contain the statues of Durga (Shiva's wife), Agastya (Shiva's teacher), and Ganesha (Shiva's son). Durga statue is said to be the statue of Roro Jonggrang in the above legend.

In Vishnu temple, to the north of Shiva temple, you will find only one room with Vishnu statue in it. In Brahma temple, to the south of Shiva temple, you find only room as well with Brahma statue in it.