SEVERAL METHODS TO IMPROVE ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL
a partial fulfilment of the requirements for Literary and Linguistic Research Method class
By :
DIAN CHOIRUNA MAHARANI
09204625
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN
YOGYAKARTA
2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE............................................................………………………………………..... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................…………………………………….................. ii
ABSTRACT......................................................……………………………………..... iii
I. Introduction ....................................................…………………………………….. 1
II. Speaking to make a communication with others……………………………………. 2
III. The origin of speaking ................................………………………………………... 2
IV. Study methods of Student ...............………………………………………………… 3
V. Song to improve the mind to remember .......………………………………………… 4
VI. Improving speaking skill in a formal school ………………………………………… 6
VII. Conclusion and suggestion …………………………………………........................ 8
VIII. Refference .............................…………………………………………………………. 11
SEVERAL METHODS TO IMPROVE ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL
By :
DIAN CHOIRUNA MAHARANI
09204625
ABSTRACT
The writer write this article is to give a little material to a lot af people that they are need a methods to progress theirachievement. In this paper not only they are in old people but from child until the oldest human has a differential method to study speaking well.
This method is very simplify, because it come from a habitual action in daily activity and write that into an article in this material. The main point, this research not only from the reality life, but also from some book and some material and article in website.
The finding of this paper show that every people who are study speaking especially in english, should have a good method. Although the method is onlya simple one, but image can give an imagine to they are watching this.
I. Introduction
Many people make interaction with other people by speaking. We can get many materials by speaking. In other side, people has some problems about speaking english as a second language or foreign language.How can we make speaking become easy, its according our skill. We can improve our skill is by media or tools. Especially for the under age and young man.
For some form like a cube, rectangular, round, etc, we will make an aeroplane picture by puzzle that. And the processes are by singing the form one by one. It can improve their skill in speaking in under 10 years old. For the people who are in up to 10 years they can use song too. But its only to make their imagine ru well. However the most important is an expression. Improving speaking of students make the students better to speak with others and make them smooth talking. There are some tips to increase speaking follow the age and grade.
Dealing with such a phenomenon, this article shows several methods to improve english speaking skill.
II. Speaking to make a communicaton with others
As everybody knows that the communication is a process whereby information is enclosed in a package and imparted by a sender to a receiver via some medium. Communication requires that all parties have an area of communicative commonality. There are verbal means using language and there are non verbal means, such as body language, sign language, paralanguage, and eye contact, through media, i.e., pictures, grapics and sound, and writing.In here, we will project with a form, in this case is in picture. We believe that the picture is media, which teach by an imagine to help the memorize especially in speking. Sometime in order to remember a new vocabulary word you need to tie it to something that will help you recall it
A trick used by ancient and medievel scholars is to invent some strange or unusual picture, a pun some oddball phrase in english, a popular song, anything. The more bizarre the better. When you need to recall that word, very often you can use the picture or wordplay or whatever you’ve mentally attached to that word as a way to access it. With a little practice, it’s remarkable how effectively you can use this this technique to recall otherwise unfamiliar words. Gradually, you’ll learn to remember the new words without the need to use the memory aid.
After that Poeple can make a conversation with other using that methods that the trinin is not difficult. Accoding to Badudu ( 1983 : 38 ) the forms of language variety used in printed language are as follows
III. The origin of Speaking
Speech is researched in terms of the speech production and speech perception of the sounds used in spoken language. Other research topics concern speech repetition, the ability to map heard spoken words into the vocalizations needed to recreated that plays a key role in the vocabulary expansion in children and speech errors. Several academic disciplines study these including acoustics, psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, cognitive science, communication studies, otolaryngology and computer science. Another area of research is how the human brain in its different areas such as the Broca's area and Wernicke's area underlies speech. English has become the common international language. The language is seldom used to communicate when two people are no native speakers of the same language. Communication is the first thing that we can do since childhood. Speaking is a part of people’s daily lives. They help assessment developers form a clear understanding of what it means to be able to speak a language and then transfer this understanding to the design of task and rating criteria ( Wardaugh.1976 : 29 ).
When people hear someone speak, they pay attention to what the speaker sounds like almost automatically. As speakers, consciously or unconsciously, people use their speech to create an image of themselves to others. By using speed and pausing, and variations in pitch, volume, and intonation, they also create a texture for their talk that supports and enhances what they are saying.The sound of speech is a thorny issue for language assessment, however. This is first of all because people tend to judge native/non native speakers status on the basis of pronunciation.
The native speaker standard for foreign language pronunciation is questioned on two main accounts. Firstly, in today’s world, it’s difficult to determine which single standard would suffice as the native speaker standard for any language, particularly so for widely used languages. Secondly, as research into learner language has progressed, it has become clear that, although vast numbers of language learners learn to pronounce in a fully comprehensible and efficient manner, very few learners are capable of achieving a native-like standard in all respect (Hudson 1999 : 9).
IV. Study methods of student
The Effortless English method refers to the specific teaching techniques we use. These techniques were developed from the top teachers and researchers in the world. The Effortless English Teaching System uses techniques developed by Dr. James Asher, Dr. Stephen Krashen, Blaine Ray, Tony Robbins, Dr. Ashley Hastings, and Dr. Brenda Murphy.
The Effortless English System is designed for one thing- to make you an outstanding English speaker. At Effortless English, our entire focus is on speaking English easily and quickly. The Effortless English System uses 7 specific techniques to teach English fast. These 7 techniques, or “rules”, are discussed in our “7 Rules Email Course”. The email course discusses all 7 techniques, but Iʼd like to discuss a couple in more detail. Perhaps the most important technique in the Effortless English Teaching System is that students learn with their ears (not with their eyes). To speak excellent English, you must learn with your ears. Too many students attempt to learn English with their eyes. Students often read textbooks, study vocabulary books, and study grammar books. They also do exercises in workbooks and test preparation books. However, none of these activities will improve your speaking. You will not improve your speaking by learning with your eyes. Therefore, the Effortless English Teaching System primarily uses audio lessons. With our system, you learn with your ears. You learn vocabulary by listening.
You learn grammar by listening. You learn pronunciation by listening. You improve your English speaking by listening. This is the number one technique of our system and the most important for you to remember: focus most of your study time on listening to English. Mini Story Lessons are another very powerful technique. In the Effortless English System, mini story lessons are the most important. These are the most powerful English lessons you will every use ( The effortless english club : 2007 ; 8 )
V. Song to improve the mind to remember
Some picture is to drive the imagine. The form is to upgrade the cretivity of the student ( US Application 2004 -2011 ) .We will practice that in here.
Form a elips form.
A little square
A Triangle
Line curve
Flowchart
After the student has some of the forms, the next step is to puzzle it to an aeroplane picture
The rule of puzzle has many steps they are :
First, enter the elips one, after that give the line curve in the end of elips, next give the little square in the middle of the elips, and then give the triangle below the elips, paralellogram in behind the picture and the last is the flowchart under the triangle.
The last step si make a review from the process. They should make a liric basic the form.
for example :
for example :
I have an elips, and I have a square
Line curve triangle wait for puzzling
The Paralellogram and the flow chart
I will make a plane.
The student show their creativity and a skill to review the process to make a puzzle picture from the forms. Te method is match in under 15 years old.
VI. Improving Speaking Skills in a formal school
Students often think that the ability to speak a language is the product of language learning, but speaking is also a crucial part of the language learning process. Effective instructors teach students speaking strategies using minimal responses, recognizing scripts, and using language to talk about language that they can use to help themselves expand their knowledge of the language and their confidence in using it. These instructors help students learn to speak so that the students can use speaking to learn (The National Capital Language Resource Center, Washington, DC © 2003 – 2004 ).
1. Using minimal responses
Language learners who lack confidence in their ability to participate successfully in oral interaction often listen in silence while others do the talking. One way to encourage such learners to begin to participate is to help them build up a stock of minimal responses that they can use in different types of exchanges. Such responses can be especially useful for beginners.
Minimal responses are predictable, often idiomatic phrases that conversation participants use to indicate understanding, agreement, doubt, and other responses to what another speaker is saying. Having a stock of such responses enables a learner to focus on what the other participant is saying, without having to simultaneously plan a response.
2. Recognizing scripts
Some communication situations are associated with a predictable set of spoken exchanges a script. Greetings, apologies, compliments, invitations, and other functions that are influenced by social and cultural norms often follow patterns or scripts. So do the transactional exchanges involved in activities such as obtaining information and making a purchase. In these scripts, the relationship between a speaker's turn and the one that follows it can often be anticipated.
Instructors can help students develop speaking ability by making them aware of the scripts for different situations so that they can predict what they will hear and what they will need to say in response. Through interactive activities, instructors can give students practice in managing and varying the language that different scripts contain.
3. Using language to talk about language
Language learners are often too embarrassed or shy to say anything when they do not understand another speaker or when they realize that a conversation partner has not understood them. Instructors can help students overcome this reticence by assuring them that misunderstanding and the need for clarification can occur in any type of interaction, whatever the participants' language skill levels. Instructors can also give students strategies and phrases to use for clarification and comprehension check.
By encouraging students to use clarification phrases in class when misunderstanding occurs, and by responding positively when they do, instructors can create an authentic practice environment within the classroom itself. As they develop control of various clarification strategies, students will gain confidence in their ability to manage the various communication situations that they may encounter outside the classroom.
VII. Coclussion and Suggestion
After finishing the work about speaking, the writer would like to draw a conclussion and suggestion dealing with this paper.
1.Conclusion
From the previous reading, a conclusion can be drawn as follows teh variety of the methods. More function of speaking can be improve from many methods. Some factors influencing the presence of language in all of people are a distinguish for every period. The most important of this presence in a main factors to be a great speaker that have great talent. It is universal that all of people should have a methods to improve their own speaking skill.
2. Suggestion
From the result of this writing, the writer tries to provide suggestion to the first is reader. Theoretically this analysis is expected to enrich the knowledge of the reader especially to realize about the improving speaking skill.
VIII. References
Badudu, J.S.1983. Pelik-pelik Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta : Pustaka prima
Hudson, R.A. 1999 Sociolinguistic second Edition.United Kingdom: Cambridge.
University Press.
The National Capital Language Resource Center, Washington, DC © 2003 – 2004 .
Wardaugh,R. 1976. The contexts of language. Massachusetts : New Bury House Publishers Inc.
Homepage :
The effortless english club.2007. Take in January 2011
US Application 2004 -2011 .Take in January 2011
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